Electrolyte Imbalance Symptoms

Tap to Read ➤ Madhura Pandit

Symptoms of electrolyte imbalance vary according to the cause and severity of the condition. Although muscle cramps, spasms, nausea, dizziness, etc., are common symptoms, there are several other potential signs that you should be aware of.

Minerals or electrolytes like sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc., are required by the human body for proper functioning of cells and organs. However, sometimes the level of electrolytes in the body increases or decreases due to some underlying causes.

This condition is known as electrolyte imbalance. It is also known as the body salt imbalance or the body chemical imbalance. Those mentioned are the most common symptoms observed.

Common Symptoms

Fatigue Muscle cramps and spasms Nausea Dizziness Fainting Irritability Vomiting

Dry mouth Slow heart rate Seizures Palpitations Low blood pressure Lack of coordination Constipation Stiff joints

On the other hand, in case of severe electrolyte imbalance (i.e., in extreme cases), following symptoms may be seen. Note that these symptoms are extremely rare, but, you need to be aware of them. Coma Seizures Cardiac arrest Death

We will now peruse through the symptoms of individual electrolyte imbalance in detail.

Calcium Imbalance

High Calcium

Lethargy Vomiting Nausea Thirst Dehydration Low blood pressure Seizures Coma

Low Calcium

Muscle spasms High blood pressure Tingling and numbness Irritability Brittle nails Mood swings Seizures

Sodium Imbalance

High Sodium

Thirst Dry mouth Dizziness Fever Vomiting Diarrhea Seizures Death

Low Sodium

Muscle weakness Swelling Difficulty in breathing Headache Nausea Stomach cramps Seizures Coma

Potassium Imbalance

High Potassium

Stomach pain Weakness Nausea Diarrhea Muscle pain Irregular heartbeat Cardiac arrest

Low Potassium

Fatigue Weakness Muscle pain Muscle cramps Fluid retention Tetany Paralysis

Magnesium Imbalance

High Magnesium

Difficulty breathing Lethargy Heavy perspiration Decreased heart rate Diarrhea Irregular heartbeat Cardiac arrest

Low Magnesium

Muscle weakness Irregular heartbeat Nausea Cramps in legs Vomiting Seizures Tremors

It is recommended to look for emergency medical help in case any severe symptoms are observed. Dehydration, in severe cases, can lead to unconsciousness, and can be fatal. Consulting the doctor immediately is advisable.

Causes

There can be many potential causes for electrolyte imbalance, dehydration being one of the most common ones. Dehydration, severe vomiting, and diarrhea leads to severe loss of body fluids. Secondly, having improper diet (not having foods rich in minerals), or malabsorption are also two prominent causes.

Thirdly, electrolyte imbalance accompanies several diseases and disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, diarrhea, vomiting, renal failure, eating disorders, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, hormonal disorders, etc. Sometimes, medications like diuretics, antibiotics, and chemotherapy drugs may also lead to electrolyte imbalance.

Treatment

The cause is identified before commencing any treatment. The doctor will advise you to undertake blood and urine test, X-ray to diagnose the condition. If the imbalance is caused due to any existing medical condition, the first priority is to treat the condition.

In minor cases, making changes in the diet and including mineral rich foods can treat the imbalance. Secondly, having electrolyte containing drinks can also help in treating the imbalance.

In severe cases, IV (intravenous) fluids are used to bring the electrolyte level to normal. If the symptoms worsen, hospitalization may be required. It is recommended to consult the doctor immediately in case you cannot identify the cause of symptoms.

Preventive Measures

✔ As a preventive measure, make sure that you are well hydrated while undertaking exercise or sports activities.

✔ You can prevent dehydration by drinking adequate amounts of fluids and water, especially in the summer season.

✔ You should not be under the illusion that dehydration occurs only during summer, as there are chances of suffering from electrolyte imbalance even in winter.

✔ Having a proper diet (inclusive of fruits, vegetables, and nuts) goes a long way in preventing several diseases and disorder.

✔ In case you experience side effects of any medication, bring it to the doctor's notice immediately and get the medication changed.

In most of the cases, electrolyte imbalance can be treated effectively. However, it is not to be ignored, as it can turn life-threatening. Lastly, note that having a well-balanced diet and drinking adequate amounts of water helps in preventing electrolyte imbalance to a great extent. Take care!

Disclaimer: This information is meant for educational purposes only. It is not to be used as a substitute for doctor's advice.