Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that is characterized by low thyroid levels. This story provides information on the causes, symptoms, and treatment of this condition.
The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland, located just below the larynx. It performs several important functions. T3 and T4 are two hormones that are secreted by this gland. These hormones play an important role in the process of metabolism.
When the functioning of the thyroid gland is impaired, the production of these hormones is affected. An individual is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, when the gland is unable to produce sufficient hormones.
Several health problems can occur, if the thyroid gland is underactive or sluggish. Therefore, people with low thyroid levels need to be extremely cautious.
Contributing Factors
The common causes of hypothyroidism include:
➩ One of the major causes of this thyroid disorder is the deficiency of iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of T3 and T4. If an individual's diet doesn't include sufficient amount of iodine, he/she is at an increased risk of developing this thyroid disorder.
➩ Individuals affected by an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis are at a greater risk of developing this condition. When the antibodies produced by the body's immune system are unable to distinguish the body's cells from the foreign bodies, they attack the thyroid gland. This gives rise to low levels of thyroid hormones.
➩ Those who have undergone thyroidectomy or chemotherapy in the neck region are also susceptible.
➩ Low TSH and low T4 levels generally indicate pituitary disorders.
➩ Women are more likely to be affected by this condition than men. They might develop it during perimenopause or pregnancy. Pregnant women could develop this condition, if their body produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland.
Symptoms
The symptoms of this condition include:
➩ Dry skin ➩ Puffy face ➩ Weight gain ➩ Constipation ➩ Muscle aches and cramps ➩ Decreased concentration ➩ Depression ➩ Increased cholesterol levels ➩ Fatigue ➩ Low blood pressure ➩ Enlarged thyroid ➩ Brittle hair and fingernails ➩ Increased sensitivity to cold.
Sluggish thyroid gland is characterized by the slowing down of metabolic processes. Those who have been experiencing such symptoms must consult a doctor soon. Doctors will ask them to get the thyroid blood tests done in order to make a diagnosis. T3, T4, and TSH tests will be studied together to analyze the working of the thyroid gland.
Since the body is unable to produce the thyroid hormone, synthetic thyroxine pills are prescribed to maintain normal thyroid levels. Besides taking the prescribed medicine, one must also follow the dietary guidelines suggested by the doctor.
Since an iodine deficiency can lead to an underactive thyroid gland, cooking food in iodized salt might help. Including foods rich in iodine and selenium to your diet will also prove beneficial.
Excessive intake of soy products and vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, kale, and sweet potatoes must be avoided as these can affect the absorption of iodine. Consumption of foods rich in fibers, vitamins, and proteins will also prove beneficial.
The treatment of hypothyroidism mostly involves the use of synthetic thyroxine pills for life, however, the dose might have to be increased or decreased as per the thyroid levels. Therefore, the affected individuals must get their thyroid levels checked at regular intervals.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this story is solely for educating the reader. It is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a medical expert.